上海中學(xué)教師2017下半年教師資格初中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力真題答案

　　在每小題列出的四個備選項中選擇一個最佳答案。請用28鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案字母按要求涂黑。錯選、多選或未選均無分。

　　1. The main difference between/e/and/?/lies in the__________.

　　A. tongue position

　　B. sound duration

　　C. openness of the mouth

　　D. shape of the lips

　　2.__________is the main rhyming pattern in"Mrs. White/Had a flight/In the middle of the night".

　　A. Assonance

　　B. End rhyme

　　C. Alliteration

　　D. Reverse end rhyme

　　3. We're all keeping our__________ crossed that the surgeons do not find anything too serious with the patient.

　　A. fingers

　　B. thumbs

　　C. hands

　　D. feet

　　4. When implementing the project, we__________a lot of unexpected opposition from our colleagues.

　　A. run for

　　B. make against

　　C. run up against

　　D. make away with

　　5. The island measures about 30 miles__________ 20 miles.

　　A. by

　　B. with

　　C. to

　　D. upon

　　6. --Will John come to the party?

　　--No, he won't come and__________.

　　A. Antony neither won' t

　　B. won' t Antony neither

　　C. either will Antony

　　D. neither will Antony

　　7. Garbo plays the role of the queen,_________ in the love she has found with Antonio.

　　A. rejoiced

　　B. rejoicing

　　C. being rejoiced

　　D. to rejoice

　　8._________ ministers decide to instigate an inquiry, we welcome it.

　　A. Should ... would

　　B. Suppose ... could

　　C, If... would

　　D. Would ... will

　　9. What is missing at the discourse level between the two sentences "Carol loves tomatoes. She was born in Africa."?

　　A. Reference.

　　B. Cohesion.

　　C. Coherence.

　　D. Substitution.

　　10. The synonyms "charge" and "accuse" mainly differ in_________.

　　A. emotion

　　B. dialect

　　C. formality

　　D. collocation

　　11. Which of the following instructions is helpful in developing students' ability to make inferences?

　　A. Listen to a story and write a summary.

　　B. Listen to a story and work out the writer' s intention.

　　C. Listen to the story of a boy and then draw a picture of him.

　　D. Listen to a story and note down the specific date of an event.

　　12. The most suitable question type to check students' comprehension and develop their critical thinking is_________.

　　A. rhetorical questions

　　B. referential questions

　　C. close questions

　　D. display questions

　　13. Diagnostic test is often used for the purpose of

　　A. finding out what students know and don' t know

　　B. measuring students' general language proficiency

　　C. knowing whether students have the right language aptitude

　　D. checking whether students have achieved the teaching objectives

　　14. Which of the following activities is often used to develop students' speaking accuracy?

　　A. Identifying and correcting oral mistakes.

　　B. Acting out the dialogue in the text.

　　C. Having discussions in groups.

　　D. Describing people in pair.

　　15. If a teacher asks students to make their own learning plan, he/she is trying to develop their_________.

　　A. cognitive strategy

　　B. affective strategy

　　C. communicative strategy

　　D. metacognitive strategy

　　I6. When a teacher tells students that the word "dog" may imply "loyalty", he/she is teaching the _________of the word.

　　A, denotative meaning

　　B. conocative meaning

　　C. conceptual meaning

　　D. connotative meaning

　　17. Which of the following is the last step in the process of writing essays?

　　A. Editing the writings.

　　B. Writing topic sentences for paragraphs.

　　C. Gathering information and ideas relevant to the topic.

　　D. Organizing the information and ideas into a logical sequence.

　　18. The main purpose of asking questions about the topic before listening is to

　　A. meet students' expectation

　　B. increase students' confidence

　　C. activate students' schemata

　　D. provide feedback on tasks

　　19. Ifa teacher asks students to fill in the blanks in a passage with "that", "which" or "whom",he/she is least likely focusing on grammar at_________.

　　A. lexical level

　　B. syntactic level

　　C. discourse level

　　D. morphological level

　　20. If a teacher asks students to talk about their hobbies in groups, he/she is trying to encourage_________.

　　A. peer correction

　　B. peer feedback

　　C. peer interaction

　　D. peer assessment

　　請閱讀Passage l，完成第21-25小題。

　　Passage 1

　　Self-driving vehicles threaten to send truck drivers to the unemployment office. Computer programs can now write journalistic accounts of sporting events and stock price movements. There are even computers that can grade essay exams with reasonable accuracy, which could revolutionize my own job. Increasingly, machines are providing not only the brawn but the brains, too. And that raises the question of where humans fit into this picture--who will prosper and who won't in this new kind of machine economy?

　　Within five years we are likely to have the world's best education, or close to it, online and free. But not everyone will sit down and go through the material without a professor pushing them to do the work.

　　Your Smartphone will record data on your life and, when asked, will tell you what to do,drawing on data from your home or from your spouse and friends if need be."You' ve thrown out that bread the last three times you've bought it, give it a pass" will be a text message of the future.

　　How about"Now is not the time to start another argument with your wife"? The GPS is just the beginning of computer-guided instruction. Take your Smartphone on a date, and it might vibrate in your pocket to indicate "Kiss her now." If you hesitate for fear of being seen as pushy, it may write:

　　"Who cares if you look bad? You are sampling optimally in the quest for a lifetime companion."

　　A lot of jobs will consist of making people feel either very good or very bad about themselves.

　　Coaches, mentors and disciplinarians will spread to many areas of life, at least for those of us who can stand to listen to them. These people will cajole us, flatter us and shame us into improving our lives, our work habits and our consumption.

　　Computing and software will make it easier to measure performance and productivity.

　　It will be harder to gloss over our failings and maintain self-deception. In essence everyone will suffer the fate of professional chess players, who will always know when they have lost a game, have an exact numerical rating for their overall performance, and find excuses for failure hard to come by.

　　Individuals will have many measures of their proficiency. They will have an incentive to disclose that information to get the better job or social opportunity. You'll assume the worst about those who keep secrets, and so openness will reign. Many of us will start to hate the idea of Big Data.

　　21. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word"brawn" in Paragraph 1?

　　A. Job.

　　B. Meat.

　　C. Physical strength.

　　D. Mental agility.

　　22. What does the underlined phrase "the question" in Paragraph 1 refer to?

　　A. Where do humans fit into this picture?

　　B. Will machines eventually replace human beings?

　　C. Which could revolutionize my own job, teaching at school?

　　D. Who will prosper and who will not in this machine economy?

　　23. What makes the instructions sent by smartphones valuable and reliable for people when doing things?

　　A. A global positioning system installed in all smartphones.

　　B. Information collected and elicited by smartphones from your life.

　　C. An optimal sampling software to store information in smartphones.

　　D. Vibrations smartphones make in your pocket as a constant reminder.

　　24. Who will be most likely to suffer from this technological revolution?

　　A. Fashion gurus specializing in producing, modeling, or marketing fashion.

　　B. American young people who do not make good use of the online courses.

　　C. Individuals keeping the information about their proficiency to themselves.

　　D. Professional chess players who are not able to calculate the play outcome.

　　25. Why will many people start to hate Big Data according to the last paragraph?

　　A. Because people will have no privacy and can' t tell any lies at all.

　　B. Because they facilitate performance and productivity assessment.

　　C. Because they give people no choice but to comply with computers.

　　D. Because people have found it really hard to finish doing everything.

　　請閱讀Passage 2，完成第26—30小題。

　　Passage 2

　　Teacher education provided by U.S. colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly. These programs, like non-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved. What makes today' s criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes into teaching.

　　This effort to"disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U.S.

　　Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding.

　　The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent, private programs. The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairs academic degrees with professional training.

　　Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number of teacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies. The federal government has contributed to the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy

　　provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities.

　　Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to public universities that continue to educate most U.S. teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country. Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.

　　Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching.

　　Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

　　26. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 about criticisms against teacher education?

　　A. The criticisms have been increasing.

　　B. The criticisms may not be well justified sometimes.

　　C. The criticisms mainly focus on the quality of non-university programs.

　　D. The criticisms usually come from advocacy groups and so-called educational entrepreneurs.

　　27. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word"momentum" in Paragraph 2?

　　A. Moment.

　　B. Motive.

　　C. Achievement.

　　D. Incentive.

　　28. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

　　A. The university system of the United States will completely collapse.

　　B. The university system of the United States will be totally restructured.

　　C. The new teacher education programs may not grant students academic degrees in the future.

　　D. The new teacher education programs will follow the usual practice of other professional preparation.

　　29. What measures have been taken by some states to deal with their teacher shortages?

　　A. To increase the number of qualified teachers.

　　B. To increase funds for teacher education programs.

　　C. To expand non-university teacher education programs.

　　D. To establish the baseline of teacher education programs.

　　30. Which of the following is true of the independent teacher education programs?

　　A.They are initiated to deal with teacher shortages and education inequities.

　　B. They aimed to raise the standards of teacher education programs.

　　C. They compete with the university teacher education programs.

　　D. They can replace the university teacher education programs.

　　二、簡答題(本大題1小題，20分)

　　根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。

　　31.簡述教材在英語教學(xué)中的兩個作用(8分)，列出教師使用教材的三點注意事項。(12分)

　　三、教學(xué)情境分析題(本大題1小題，30分)

　　根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。

　　32.下面是一位初中英語教師在語音教學(xué)中使用的練習(xí)。

　　Teacher' s instruction:

　　Look at the words on the blackboard. Tick the word you hear in each sentence I read.

　　Teacher's reads:

　　1. I don' t like these sports.

　　2. These pots are very dirty.

　　3. Look at that white cord on the water.

　　4. Mr. Smith was short.

　　Students tick the words they hear:

　　A B

　　1. spots sports

　　2. pots ports

　　3. cod cord

　　4. shot short

　　根據(jù)上面所提供的教學(xué)情境，從下面四個方面作答。

　　(1)該片段的教學(xué)目的是什么?(5分)

　　(2)該教師采用了哪兩種教學(xué)方法?(8分)

　　(3)該教學(xué)片段體現(xiàn)了哪兩個語音教學(xué)的原則?(8分)

　　(4)列出能恰當(dāng)體現(xiàn)語音教學(xué)原則的其他三種方法。(9分)

　　四、教學(xué)設(shè)計題(本大題1小題，40分)。

　　根據(jù)提供的信息和語言素材設(shè)計教學(xué)方案，用英文作答。

　　33.設(shè)計任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計20分鐘的英語閱讀教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點：

　　· teaching objectives

　　· teaching contents

　　· key and difficult points

　　· major steps and time allocation

　　· activities and justifications

　　教學(xué)時間：20分鐘

　　學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)七年級(初中一年級)學(xué)生。班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達到《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》二級水平，學(xué)生課堂參與積極性較高。

　　一、單項選擇題

　　1.【答案】A。解析：考查元音的發(fā)音。根據(jù)發(fā)音時舌頭在口腔中抬起的位置可分為：前元音、中元音、后元音。

　　根據(jù)發(fā)音時唇形的圓展可分為：圓唇元音和非圓唇元音。根據(jù)元音的長度可分為：長元音和短元音。根據(jù)以上分類方式，/e/可以描述為前、非圓唇、短元音，/?/為中、非圓唇、短元音。由此可知/e/和/?/的主要區(qū)別為發(fā)音時舌的位置。故選A。

　　2.【答案】B。解析：考查修辭學(xué)。Assonance“類韻”，指的是在詩歌中相同或相似元音的重復(fù)，它的目的主要是使句子悅耳動聽或強調(diào)某個音。例如：Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.End rhyme“尾韻”，指詞尾音素重復(fù)，如great和bait。Alliteration“頭韻”，指兩個單詞或兩個單詞以上的首字母相同，形成悅耳的讀音。例如：AMistyMorningMayhave afineday.Reverse end rhyme“倒尾韻”，指重讀音節(jié)中元音和輔音都相同，如will和wind。根據(jù)題干可知句子中White，fright，night押的是尾韻。故選B。

　　3.【答案】A。解析：考查固定搭配。keepone’Sfingerscrossed的字面意思是將手指交叉起來，這個短語的比喻意義是“祈求好運”“希望一切如愿”“但愿別出差錯”。句意為“我們祈禱外科醫(yī)生不會發(fā)現(xiàn)病人有太嚴(yán)重的疾病”。

　　4.【答案】C。解析：考查動詞短語辨析。runfor“競選”，make against“不利于”，runup against“遇到，遭遇”，make awaywith“攜……而逃，除去，殺死”。句意為“當(dāng)實施計劃時，我們遭到同事們意料不到的反對”。故選C。

　　5.【答案】A。解析：考查介詞by的用法。句意為“這個島大約30英里長，20英里寬”。介詞by可以表示距離和面積、體積中的尺寸及乘除法中的運算。

　　6.【答案】D。解析：考查倒裝句。根據(jù)語境可判斷，第二個人想要表達的是“約翰不會來參加聚會，安東尼也不來”。表示“……也不”時，用neither/nor倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來承接前面的否定情況，結(jié)構(gòu)是“neither/nor+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。A、B兩項語序錯誤;C項either用作副詞表示“也(不)”時，只用于否定句中，C項正確說法應(yīng)為“Antony won’t，either.”。故選D。

　　7.【答案】B。解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為“嘉寶飾演王后的角色，陶醉于和安東尼奧的熱戀中”。逗號前后兩句話無連詞連接.且主句已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞plays，因此要用rejoice的非謂語形式。主語是Garbo，與rejoice構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，排除A、C兩項;D項動詞不定式表示將來和目的，不符合題意，排除。這里要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式reioicing作伴隨狀語。

　　8.【答案】A。解析：考查虛擬條件句的倒裝。句意為“如果部長們決定發(fā)起一次調(diào)查，我們會表示歡迎”。在虛擬條件句中，如果謂語部分有were、had或should時，可將它們置于句首，省略if，變成部分倒裝句。該句可還原為“If ministers shoulddecide to instigate allinquiry，wewouldwelcomeit.”。

　　9.【答案】C。解析：考查語篇銜接與連貫。銜接與連貫是語篇分析中的兩個基本概念，是語言成篇不可缺少的基本特征。銜接(cohesion)是指語篇內(nèi)標(biāo)記不同句際關(guān)系的形式連接，使篇章內(nèi)的句子扭結(jié)在一起的語篇建構(gòu)手段。語篇的銜接是通過詞匯和語法等表層結(jié)構(gòu)形式實現(xiàn)的。對語義聯(lián)系進行說明，是語篇的有形網(wǎng)絡(luò)。連貫(coherence)則是指篇章是一個整體而不是一些不相關(guān)的詞句的堆積。它是語篇中意義的關(guān)聯(lián)，通過邏輯推理來達到語義連接，是語篇的無形網(wǎng)絡(luò)。語篇的銜接可通過以下銜接手段實現(xiàn)：指稱(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)、連接(conjunction)和詞匯銜接(lexical cohesion)等。本題中“Carol愛吃西紅柿”和“她生于非洲”這兩句話都是在說明一個人身上的特點，在形式上通過指稱She實現(xiàn)了銜接，但前后語義不連貫，無法構(gòu)成一個有完整語義的語篇或主題.缺少語篇的連貫。故選C。

　　10.【答案】D。解析：考查同義關(guān)系。同義詞可分為以下幾類：①方言同義詞，指有地域差異的同義詞，如flat(英式)和apartment(美式)。②文體同義詞，指在文體上或正式程度上有差異的同義詞，如buy(非正式)和purchase(正式)。③搭配同義詞，指在用詞搭配上有差異的同義詞，如本題中，charge和accuse二者都可以表示指責(zé)某人做某事，但所使用的介詞搭配不同，前者與with搭配，后者與of搭配。④情感或評價的同義詞，指所包含的情感或態(tài)度有差異的同義詞，如politician(多含貶義)和statesman(多指褒義)。⑤存在語義差異的同義詞，指在意義上存在細微差別的同義詞，如timid和timorous，二者都有“膽怯的”之意，但前者表示某人在某個特殊情況下的狀態(tài).也可以表示其一貫的性格，而后者只表示某個人一貫的性格。故選D。

　　11.【答案】B。解析：考查聽力技能教學(xué)。題干意思是：以下哪項指令有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的推斷能力?A項“聽故事。寫摘要”，B項“聽故事，確定作者的意圖”，C項“聽一個男孩的故事，然后畫一幅他的畫”，D項“聽故事，記下事件的具體日期”。在聽力技能教學(xué)中，讓學(xué)生通過聽材料來分析和判斷作者意圖，即根據(jù)聽力材料中的已有信息推斷出未知信息，這可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的推斷能力。故選B。

　　12.【答案】B。解析：考查課堂提問的類型。題干意思是：哪一種類型的問題最適合用于檢測學(xué)生的理解以及培養(yǎng)他們的批判性思維?rhetorical questions“反問句”，句子表面是疑問形式，但說話者的態(tài)度和意見很明確，并不需要聽話者的回答：referentialquestions“參考性問題”，此類問題一般沒有現(xiàn)成的答案，教師也沒有明確的答案.提問的目的在于力求學(xué)生發(fā)散思維、尋求信息，一般包括推理、評價性的問題和批判、創(chuàng)造性的問題;close questions“封閉性問題”，有固定答案且答案是唯一的，學(xué)生回答時借助再認(rèn)或再現(xiàn)，通常用于強化鞏固課堂; display questions“展示性問題”，這種問題的答案通常是唯一的，教師預(yù)先知道問題的答案，提問只是為了考查學(xué)生對語言知識的掌握情況，學(xué)生作答時只需憑借表層理解、短時記憶，或是快速查找課文，便能找到答案，一般包括對是非、對錯的選擇性問題和事實、回憶性問題。故選B。

　　13.【答案】A。解析：考查語言測試類型。題干意思是：診斷性測試的主要目的是什么?診斷性測試是語言測試的一種類型，它主要用來探測和發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的理解和表達障礙，以便教師及時改進教學(xué)手段，從而積極地干預(yù)學(xué)習(xí)過程。診斷性測試常?；诮處煹慕虒W(xué)經(jīng)驗和學(xué)生對某些語言點尚未完全掌握所表現(xiàn)出的種種跡象來命題。其成績一般不用來衡量和評估學(xué)生的語言水平。因此只有A項“發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生知道什么和不知道什么”符合題意。B項屬于水平測試(proficiencytest)，C項屬于能力測試(aptitudetest)，D項屬于學(xué)業(yè)成績測試(achievement test)。故選A。

　　14.【答案】A。解析：考查口語教學(xué)活動。題干意思是：以下哪項活動通常用于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的口語準(zhǔn)確性?A項“識別并糾正口語錯誤”，B項“表演文中的對話”，C項“分組討論”，D項“兩人一組描述人物”。口語糾錯可保證語言的正確輸出，為精確表達奠定基礎(chǔ)，是關(guān)注準(zhǔn)確性的口語活動。角色扮演、課堂分組討論、小組活動都是關(guān)注流利性的口語活動。故選A。

　　15.【答案】D。解析：考查學(xué)習(xí)策略。題干意思是：如果教師讓學(xué)生制定他們的學(xué)習(xí)計劃，他/她是在培養(yǎng)他們的什么策略?不同的研究者對學(xué)習(xí)策略有不同的分類，但各種分類法中基本都涉及四種策略，即認(rèn)知策略、元認(rèn)知策略、情感策略和交際策略。其中元認(rèn)知策略(metacognitive strategy)指學(xué)生對自己的認(rèn)知過程及結(jié)果的有效監(jiān)視及控制的策略.包括計劃策略、監(jiān)控策略和調(diào)節(jié)策略。計劃策略指的是對學(xué)習(xí)等活動的事前規(guī)劃，如制定學(xué)習(xí)計劃等。故選D。

　　16.【答案】D。解析：考查詞匯教學(xué)內(nèi)容。題干意思是：當(dāng)教師告訴學(xué)生dog這詞也暗含“忠誠”意思時，教師是在教單詞的什么意義?詞的意義一般分為詞匯意義和語法意義兩個方面，前者指詞所表達的意思，通常分為外延意義(denotativemeaning)和內(nèi)涵意義(connotativemeaning);后者指詞與詞之間的相互關(guān)系，包括搭配、近義詞、反義詞和下義詞。外延意義也叫概念意義(conceptual meaning)或所指意義(referential meaning)，是詞匯的最基本意義.是語言符號所代表的事物的最基本特征的抽象概括，常視作是詞語在詞典中的定義或釋義;內(nèi)涵意義指詞的隱含意義或象征意義。如dog一詞，原本意思是“狗”，一種動物，也就是我們所說的外延意義，而狗象征著忠誠，因此“忠誠”是它的一個內(nèi)涵意義。故選D。

　　17.I答案】A。解析：考查寫作教學(xué)過程。題干意思是：下列哪項是寫作過程的最后一步?A項“校改作文”，B項“寫出每段的中心句”，C項“收集與話題相關(guān)的信息”，D項“按邏輯順序組織信息”。寫作一般包括寫前準(zhǔn)備、寫初稿、寫后編輯和校改等幾個步驟。準(zhǔn)備階段主要是尋找話題，明確主題，根據(jù)寫作目的收集與主題相關(guān)的信息。組織素材和規(guī)劃文章結(jié)構(gòu)，列出提綱;初稿階段包括起草文章，添加內(nèi)容;修改階段包括檢查所寫內(nèi)容，加工潤色。同伴互改和小組評議等。故選A。

　　18.【答案】C。解析：考查聽力教學(xué)活動。題干意思是：在聽前提出與話題相關(guān)的問題，其主要目的是什么?A項“滿足學(xué)生的期望”，B項“增強學(xué)生自信”，C項“激活學(xué)生的圖式”，D項“提供任務(wù)反饋”。在聽前階段，教師提出與話題相關(guān)的問題可以激活學(xué)生頭腦中已有的關(guān)于聽力材料的圖式知識，激活有關(guān)聽力話題的背景信息。故選C。

　　19.【答案】D。解析：考查語法教學(xué)內(nèi)容。題干意思是：如果教師讓學(xué)生用that/which/whom進行填空，那么他/她最不可能關(guān)注語法的哪個層面?lexical level“詞匯層面”，syntactic level“句法層面”，discourse level“語篇層面”.morphological level“形態(tài)學(xué)層面”。語法教學(xué)的內(nèi)容不僅包括語言形式/結(jié)構(gòu)，還包括語意和語用。語言形式/結(jié)構(gòu)包括詞法、句法等;語意包括語法形式與結(jié)構(gòu)的意義;語用指語言在一定的語境、語篇中的表意功能。該教師讓學(xué)生選擇關(guān)系代詞填空，目的是讓學(xué)生掌握定語從句這項語法的形式、意義和運用。形態(tài)學(xué)是研究詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)詞規(guī)則的科學(xué)。故選D。

　　20.【答案】c。解析：考查小組活動。題干意思是：如果教師讓學(xué)生分組談?wù)撍麄兊膼酆?，那么?她是在鼓勵什么?peer correction“同伴糾錯”，peer feedback“同伴反饋”，peer interaction“同伴交往”，peer assessment“同伴評價”。教師讓學(xué)生分組談?wù)撍麄兊膼酆?，可以促進同學(xué)之間的交流和互動。故選C。

　　Passage l

　　21.【答案】C。解析：詞義題。根據(jù)畫線單詞定位于第一段中的“Increasingly，machines areprovidingnotonly the brawnbutthe brains，too.”，可知brawn與brains的意思相對應(yīng)，brains表示智力、腦力，則brawn表示體力。故選C。

　　22.【答案】D。解析：指代題。第一段開頭舉出自動駕駛汽車、電腦撰寫體育賽事和股價浮動的新聞報道、電腦判卷等例子，并指出機器不僅可以提供體力，也可以提供腦力，從而引出人類將如何適應(yīng)這一局面的問題——哪些人能在這種新型的機器經(jīng)濟中成功、哪些人不會成功?故選D。

　　23.【答案】B。解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“YourSmanphonewill recorddata onyourlife an&when asked，willtellyouwhat to do，drawing ondatafromyourhome orfromyour spouse andfriends if need be.”可知，智能手機通過記錄你的生活數(shù)據(jù)，從而告訴你應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么，使得智能手機發(fā)送的指令是有價值、可靠的。故選B。

　　24.【答案】c。解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theywillhaveanincentiveto disclosethatinformationtoget the better job or social opportunity.You’ii assume the worst about those who keep secrets，and SO openness will reign.”，可知透露信息的人可以得到好的工作或社會機遇，而那些保密的人會被人們往最壞處想.因而坦誠將成為王道。由此可知，那些保密的人最容易因這次技術(shù)革命受挫。故選C。

　　25.【答案】A。解析：推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“You’ll assumetheworst about those who keep secrets，and soopenness will reign.Many of us will start to hate the idea of Big Data.”可知.大數(shù)據(jù)讓人們沒有隱私，并且不能說謊。故選A。

　　Passage 2

　　26.【答案】D。解析：推斷題。從第一段的最后一句“What makestoday’s criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups，and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers，and to expand independent，alternative routes into teaching."可以推斷出，對于如今師范教育的批判主要來自宣傳組織和所謂的教育企業(yè)家，故選D。

　　27.【答案】D。解析：詞義題。momentum意為“勢頭，動力，沖力”。根據(jù)momentum后面的句子“…with venture capitalists，philanthropy，and the U.S.Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding”可知，風(fēng)險資本家、慈善事業(yè)及教育部提供的資金援助推動了美國在師資培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)域所做的努力。moment“時刻”，motive“動機”.achievement“成就，成績”，incentive“動機，刺激”。故選D。

　　28.【答案】D。解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第三段末尾“The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in…moving away from its current location alongside legal，medical，and other professional preparation”可推斷出，新的師范教育項目會遵照其他職業(yè)教育的慣例，D項正確。A項“美國的高等教育系統(tǒng)會完全瓦解”，該說法過于絕對。B項“美國高等教育系統(tǒng)將會被完全調(diào)整”，根據(jù)第三段第一句中“theUnited Statesmay quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent，private programs”可知，只是大部分會被調(diào)整，而不是完全調(diào)整。C項“未來私立師范項目將不會為師范學(xué)生頒發(fā)學(xué)位證書”，文中未提及。故選D。

　　29.【答案】C。解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“several stateshave eitherpassedlegislationtolowerthe standards forbecoming ateacher”可知，幾個州為了應(yīng)付教師短缺局面通過了降低教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的立法，A項“增加合格教師的數(shù)量”與原文不符。根據(jù)第五段中的“Because ofthe increasing tuition rates，a consequence in part，ofcuts in funding to public universities that contin He to educate most U.S.teachers，enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country”可知.由于學(xué)費的增加，對高等師范教育的資金投入縮減了，B項“提高對師范教育項目的資金投入”與原文不符。根據(jù)第四段末尾“…encourages smtes to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities.”及第五段中的“Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation’s classrooms”可知.一些州發(fā)展私立師范教育項目，C項“發(fā)展非高等師范教育項目”正確。D項“為師范教育項目設(shè)立底線”.文中未提及。故選C。

　　30.【答案】A。解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Giventhe seriousness oftheteacher shortage probleminthe United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities”可知。由于美國教師短缺的嚴(yán)重問題，還有大量媒體對于私立師范教育的關(guān)注.私立師范教育被認(rèn)為是解決師資短缺和教育不公的方法。故選A。

　　二、簡答題

　　31.【參考答案】

　　(1)教材是實現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的重要材料和手段。英語教材是英語課程資源的核心部分。教材在英語教學(xué)中的兩個作用：

　?、袤w系完整、內(nèi)容豐富、設(shè)計合理的教材能更好地激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，有利于學(xué)生培養(yǎng)語言知識、語言技能、情感態(tài)度、文化意識、學(xué)習(xí)策略這五方面的綜合語言運用能力。

　　②結(jié)構(gòu)合理、內(nèi)容豐富、活動靈活多樣的教材在一定程度上保證了教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)過程和教學(xué)方法的科學(xué)合理，這有利于教師節(jié)省備課時間和精力，而且有利于他們在教學(xué)中創(chuàng)造性地使用教材，從而更好地培養(yǎng)教師自身的專業(yè)發(fā)展能力。

　　(2)教師使用教材時應(yīng)注意以下三點：

　?、俑鶕?jù)所在地區(qū)的教學(xué)實際需要、學(xué)生現(xiàn)有水平、課時安排等，可對教材內(nèi)容做適當(dāng)?shù)难a充和刪減。但對教材所做的補充和刪減，不應(yīng)影響教材的完整性和系統(tǒng)性。要避免僅僅為了滿足考試需要而對教材作出取舍。

　?、诟鶕?jù)實際教學(xué)目的和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)需求，對教材中的部分內(nèi)容和活動進行替換，也可根據(jù)需要添加活動步驟.比如增加準(zhǔn)備或提示性的步驟，從而降低學(xué)習(xí)難度。教師還可適當(dāng)擴展教學(xué)內(nèi)容或延伸原有的教學(xué)活動，比如增加屬于相同主題且水平相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x篇目或在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上展開對話或討論活動，或增加詞匯學(xué)習(xí)活動或?qū)懽骰顒拥?。從而滿足學(xué)生的需求。

　?、鄹鶕?jù)學(xué)生周圍的現(xiàn)實生活對教材編排順序做適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。比如，現(xiàn)實生活中發(fā)生了某一重要事件，該事件與教材中某個單元的話題相關(guān)但進度不同步，在不影響教材的延續(xù)性和漸進性的前提下，可以提前學(xué)習(xí)這個單元，使學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與生活中發(fā)生的事件同步。

　　三、教學(xué)情境分析題

　　32.【參考答案】

　　(1)該片段的教學(xué)目的是鍛煉學(xué)生的辨音能力。通過在語境中進行辨音練習(xí)，提高學(xué)生辨別[D]和[?:]的發(fā)音的能力;開展語音教學(xué)，推進學(xué)生聽、說、讀、寫各項技能的發(fā)展。

　　(2)該教師采用了以下兩種教學(xué)方法：

　　①使用最小對立體分析音差，進行辨音練習(xí)。在音位分析中，只涉及一個音素差別的對立體叫作最小對立體。該練習(xí)教師列出的四組詞使用的都是最小對立體。

　?、诓捎糜幸饬x的語言練習(xí)活動。教師不是孤立地讀出一個單詞讓學(xué)生選擇正確的答案，而是在通過句子讓學(xué)生理解句意的基礎(chǔ)之上選擇正確的發(fā)音。

　　(3)該教學(xué)片段體現(xiàn)了語音教學(xué)的原則有：

　?、籴槍π栽瓌t。針對性原則指語音訓(xùn)練的重點應(yīng)該放在有標(biāo)記的語音特征之上。教師要針對學(xué)生的困難進行有針對性的指導(dǎo)。這個練習(xí)主要訓(xùn)練[?:]和[D]這一對長短音的區(qū)別，體現(xiàn)了這一原則。

　?、诰C合性原則。語音教學(xué)并不是孤立的發(fā)音教學(xué)，教師應(yīng)該將音素、音標(biāo)、單詞、句子及語義、語用等各個層面結(jié)合起來，把語音教學(xué)融入有意義、有情景的語言練習(xí)和任務(wù)性的語言訓(xùn)練中去，將語音同口語、交際、互動等圍繞意思展開的語言活動結(jié)合起來，應(yīng)注意語義與語境、語調(diào)與語流相結(jié)合。該教學(xué)片段中，教師把語音和單詞、句子結(jié)合起來，體現(xiàn)了這一原則。

　　(4)能恰當(dāng)體現(xiàn)語音教學(xué)原則的其他三種方法有：

　?、僬页鲆唤M詞中讀音不相同的詞。教師連續(xù)讀幾個詞，有一個詞的發(fā)音與其他詞不同，請學(xué)生挑出發(fā)音不同的一個。該練習(xí)適用于音素教學(xué)和練習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了語音教學(xué)的針對性原則，如by—buy—bye—bay(第四個不同)。

　　②對比學(xué)習(xí)。把相近發(fā)音的一組元音或輔音放在一起，讓學(xué)生先聽，然后對比學(xué)習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了語音教學(xué)的準(zhǔn)確性原則，例如/s/和/θ/，/i/和/i：/等。

　?、劾@口令。繞口令可以調(diào)節(jié)氣氛，可以練習(xí)熟練程度，使學(xué)生在理解語句、語篇意義的基礎(chǔ)上，在輕松愉快的氣氛中，感受英語語音的節(jié)奏美.體現(xiàn)了語音教學(xué)的趣味性原則。

　　四、教學(xué)設(shè)計題

　　33.【參考設(shè)計】

　　Teaching Contents:

　　A passage about online shopping.

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　(1) Knowledge objectives

　?、賁tudents can master the main idea of this passage.

　　② Students can learn the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.

　　(2) Ability objective

　　Students can improve their reading and communicating abilities through class activities.

　　(3) Emotional objective

　　Students can improve their confidence of learning English*, and be not afraid of speaking English in class.

　　Teaching Key Points:

　?、賁tudents can understand the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.

　?、?Students can comprehend the main idea of the passage.

　　Teaching Difficult Point:

　　Students can have a reasonable consumption online.

　　Major Steps:

　　Step 1 Pre-reading (6 minutes)

　　(1) Show some questions on the blackboard and ask students to have a discussion.

　?、貲o you know how to buy something on the Internet?

　?、贒o you often buy things on the Interact?

　?、?What can you buy?

　　(2) Ask students to predict the main idea of this passage.

　　(Justification: This step can arouse students' interest, and let them know the topic of this reading class.)

　　Step 2 While-reading (8 minutes)

　　(1) Fast reading

　　Ask students to read this short passage quickly in oneminute, and then conclude the main idea of each paragraph.

　　Ask students to examine their forecasts and conclude the main topic of this passage.

　　(Justification: Students can develop their skimming ability in this step.)

　　(2) Careful reading

　　Let students read this passage carefully again.

　　Show the table on the blackboard and ask students to discuss about the online shopping. Then ask some students to share their answers.

　　(Justification: Different ways of exploiting the text can help students not merely to cope with one particular text in class but to develop their reading strategies and reading ability.)

　　Step 3 Post-reading (6 minutes)

　　Choose two volunteers to have an interview about online shopping. One student acts as interviewer and the other interviewee. The knowledge they have learned in this class needs to be used in this interview.

　　(Justification: Students have the interview in their own way, which helps to make practical use of what they learn in this period. At the same time, students can have a better understanding of the topic.)